Protecting Estate Values When Your Investments Decline

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The total net value of your estate represents what you will leave to your family when you die. It may include the following:

  • Your residence;

  • Cottage or other recreational property;

  • Investment real estate;

  • Stocks, bonds, mutual funds and commodities

  • Life insurance;

  • Any other assets you wish to leave to your heirs.

After paying off any liabilities, taxes arising at death, last expenses etc., what is left over is what your family will use to maintain the lifestyle that you created for them.

Two easy ways to make sure debt and investment losses do not impact the estate you leave for your family

  • Insure your debt


  • Insure against market drops and other investment losses

Consider life insuring your debt and investment declines so that your heirs are not burdened by outstanding liabilities and market fluctuations.

In 2008, many investors experienced a decline of 40% to 50% in their equity portfolios resulting in a significant reduction in the amount of the estate to be left to their beneficiaries.

A greater problem was experienced by those that had used bank loans to leverage their investments. The value of those investments may have declined by up to 50% but the loan balance didn’t decrease at all.

Even if the investments are not leveraged, there is always a risk to the estate should the equity markets decline.

Be Prepared – The risk of waiting to insure for losses

Of course, you could always top up your life insurance when the market declines right? Not necessarily. If you have lost all or part of your insurability due to health that could be a problem.

Consider hedging against possible future decreases in your investments by purchasing life insurance specifically for this reason.

For hedging purposes, any form of life insurance can be used. Term insurance is an inexpensive way to insure for shorter terms such as 10 or 20 years.

Participating Whole Life Insurance should be considered for protecting your investments through diversification and building in stable returns. It is the only type of life insurance that is guaranteed to increase in value and death benefit regardless of equity market conditions.

Other benefits of Participating Whole life include

  • Can be used as an investment in place of bond or GIC-type investments.

  • The cash values of these policies grow on a tax-deferred or tax-free basis.

  • If funds are required for unforeseen expenses or to make additional investments, the policy can be borrowed against either from a lending institution or directly from the insurance company.

Using Participating Whole Life insurance satisfies two objectives – providing a hedge against equity values declining prior to death and adding additional stability and less volatility to the overall portfolio.

Summary of how to manage the risk of estate shrinkage due to adverse equity market conditions:

Hedge the estate value of your investments

Select a percentage of your equity investments that you wish to protect if you die when market values have fallen. Purchase life insurance for this amount. For example, if you have $2,000,000 of equity investments and you wish to hedge 40% consider buying $800,000 of life insurance.

Life insure the loan in a leveraged investment strategy

It’s always a good idea to life insure debt. This is particularly the case when insuring leverage loans to protect against investment values falling prior to death while the loan is still outstanding.

Consider Participating Whole Life as a method to optimize your estate

Unlike equity investments, the values of a whole life policy cannot decrease. As long as the premium is paid the cash value and death benefit will continue to increase. This provides stability in your investment portfolio and reduces volatility. The increasing death benefit will optimize the value of your estate for the benefit of your family and heirs.

Combining your investment portfolio with an effective life insurance strategy to maximize the value of your estate is a prudent means to provide for your family. Great comfort comes with the knowledge that even if your investments decline your family will be adequately provided for in the manner you wished them to have.

Connect with me if you wish to discuss this further. As always, please feel free to share this with anyone you think will find it of interest.

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Estate Planning Tips for Real Estate Investors

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For many Canadians, the majority of their wealth is held in personally owned real estate. For most this will be limited to their principal residence, however, investment in recreational and real estate investment property also forms a substantial part of some estates. Due to the nature of real estate, it is important to utilize estate planning to realize optimum gain and minimize tax implications.

Key Considerations for Real Estate Investment

  • Real estate is not a qualifying investment for the purposes of the Lifetime Capital Gains Exemption.

  • Leaving taxable property to a spouse through a spousal rollover in the will defers the tax until the spouse sells the property or dies.

  • Apart from the principal residence, real estate often creates a need for liquidity due to capital gains, estate equalization, mortgage repayment or other considerations.

  • Professional advice is often required to select the most advantageous ownership structure (i.e. personal, trust, holding company).

The Impact of Capital Gains Taxes

  • Upon the disposition (sale or transfer) of an asset, there is income tax payable based on 2/3 (66.67%) (proposed as of June 25, 2024) of the capital gain of that asset.

  • Capital gains taxes can be triggered at death unless the asset is left to a spouse in which case the tax is deferred until the spouse sells the asset or dies.

  • In addition, there may be probate fees levied against the estate at death.

Why is Estate Planning Important?

It is recommended that family issues (including estate equalization) be addressed with certain types of real estate assets. Estate planning can organize your assets with the objective to ensure that at your death they are distributed according to your wishes:

  • to the proper beneficiary(s),

  • with a minimum of taxes and costs

  • with the least amount of family discord.

Tax and Estate Planning Strategies for Real Estate Holdings

Principal Residence

  • If your home qualifies as a principal residence, there is no tax on any capital gains upon sale or transfer of the property. An individual can only have one principal residence and the same holds true for a family unit (for example, both spouses have only one principal residence between them).

  • If the property is held as joint tenants, upon the death of a spouse, the ownership automatically remains with the surviving spouse. Upon the death of the surviving spouse, his or her will dictates who will receive ownership of the home (usually one or more of the children).

  • In preparing your estate planning for your principal residence, you may wish to ensure that you have sufficient liquidity to cover the cost of any property tax deferral program that you have exercised. This is especially important if the home is intended to be retained by the beneficiary(s) and you don’t want to burden them with the significant cost of repayment.

  • Planning for the beneficiaries to retain the property often creates discord if the children are not all in agreement about the final disposition of the house. Should you just wish to leave the home to one child and not to the others consider estate equalization and use cash, other assets or life insurance as a replacement to the interest in the home.

To maintain family harmony, considerable thought should be given when making decisions to bequeath or liquidate the family cottage or recreational property.

Recreational Property

  • If the sale, transfer or deemed disposition at death of the cottage or other recreational property results in a capital gain, that gain will be taxable. As in the principal residence, ownership could be in joint tenancy which will defer the tax. The tax will also be deferred if the property is left to your spouse in your will.

  • There may be some concern that if the property is left outright to the spouse and the spouse remarries the property may ultimately end up with someone who was not intended as a beneficiary. To avoid this, a trust could be used to hold ownership of the property. A spousal trust created in the will also accomplishes this while at the same time maintaining the spousal rollover to avoid tax on the gain of the property. In addition, the spousal trust has an added advantage in that it allows the testator to specify who will inherit the property on the spouse’s death.

Real Estate Investment Property

  • Sale, transfer or deemed disposition (at death), usually will result in a capital gain or capital loss. If the property in question is rental property, depreciation (known as capital cost allowance) may be claimed as a deduction against rental income. At death, if the fair market value of the rental property exceeds its undepreciated capital cost, there will be a tax payable on the recaptured depreciation. A value of less than undepreciated capital cost will create a capital loss which, in year of death, can be deducted against other income.

  • If the property in question is performing favourably as an investment, it may be desirable to leave it to the surviving family members. In this case, it is recommended that any liquidity requirement for taxes, costs etc. be funded to alleviate the financial burden.

  • From a planning point of view, it may be advisable to own commercial real estate through a holding company. Depending on the circumstances the same could be true with rental property.

Solving the Liquidity Need

One of the most cost-effective methods in providing the necessary liquidity in these situations is the use of second-to-die joint life insurance.

The Insurance Solution

  • Tax-free cash at the second death. Naming a beneficiary bypasses the will and is not subject to probate.

  • The proceeds are protected against creditor claims.

  • Insurance provides for a guaranteed low-cost alternative to the issue of satisfying the liquidity need at death.

Please call me if you would like to discuss your personal estate planning needs. As always, feel free to use the sharing buttons to forward this article to a friend or family member you think may benefit from this information.

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8 Reasons You Should Do Business Succession Planning in Canada

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Succession planning is essential for businesses worldwide, but certain aspects make it particularly important in the Canadian context. Here are eight compelling reasons why business succession planning is crucial in Canada:

1.Aging Population

Canada, like many other developed countries, has an aging population. Many business owners are approaching retirement age, and a significant number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are owned by baby boomers. Succession planning ensures a smooth transition as these business owners retire, securing the future of their enterprises.

2.Economic Stability

A well-executed succession plan contributes to the stability of the Canadian economy. SMEs are the backbone of Canada’s economy, accounting for a large proportion of employment and GDP. Ensuring these businesses continue to operate smoothly through leadership transitions is vital for economic stability.

3.Tax Efficiency

Canada has specific tax regulations and incentives related to business succession. Effective succession planning allows business owners to take advantage of tax deferral opportunities, capital gains exemptions, and other tax-efficient strategies to minimize the tax burden during the transfer of ownership.

4.Preservation of Family-Owned Businesses

Family-owned businesses constitute a significant portion of the Canadian business landscape. Succession planning helps preserve these businesses for future generations, addressing issues like family dynamics, management roles, and ownership structures, thereby ensuring continuity and long-term success.

5.Legal and Regulatory Compliance

Canada has a complex legal and regulatory framework that governs business operations. Succession planning ensures that all legal requirements are met during the transition process, avoiding potential legal disputes, fines, or disruptions in business operations.

6.Skilled Workforce Development

Succession planning in Canada often involves developing a skilled workforce to take on future leadership roles. This not only benefits the individual businesses but also enhances the overall skill level of the Canadian workforce, contributing to national competitiveness and innovation.

7.Attractiveness to Investors

Investors and financial institutions are more likely to invest in businesses that have a clear succession plan. It indicates stability and long-term viability, making Canadian businesses more attractive to domestic and international investors, thereby facilitating access to capital.

8.Community Impact

Many Canadian businesses, particularly in smaller communities, play a vital role in local economies. Succession planning ensures that these businesses continue to operate and support their communities, providing employment and services that are essential for local economic health.

Conclusion

Succession planning is a strategic imperative for businesses in Canada. It addresses the challenges posed by an aging population, ensures economic stability, maximizes tax efficiency, preserves family-owned enterprises, ensures legal compliance, develops a skilled workforce, attracts investors, and supports local communities. By prioritizing succession planning, Canadian business owners can secure the future success and sustainability of their enterprises.

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Strategies for Multi-Generational Planning

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The Sandwich Generation was a term coined by Dorothy Miller in 1981 to describe adult children who were “sandwiched” between their aging parents and their own maturing children. There is even a term for those of us who are in our 50’s or 60’s with elderly parents, adult children and grandchildren – the Club Sandwich. More recently, the Boomerang Generation (the estimated 29% of adults ranging in ages 25 to 34, who live with their parents), are adding to the financial pressures as Boomers head into retirement.

It is estimated that by 2026, 1 in 5 Canadians will be older than 65. This means fewer adults to both fund and provide for elder care. Today, it is likely that the average married couple will have more living parents than they do children.

What are the challenges?

The truth is that many members of the Sandwich Generation find the circumstances are both emotionally and financially draining. In the past, women have been looked upon to provide the primary care giving in the home while men take care of the income needs. Today, roles have changed with the majority of working age women employed outside of the home. As a result, financially, both parents are looked upon to provide for the family. For The Sandwich Generation helping their parents and their children at the same time, creates stress that can affect both their mental and physical health.

Risk Management in the Sandwich Generation

Having an effective financial plan becomes key in dealing with the challenges. As the main breadwinner in this situation, it is possible that three generations are dependent upon you. One of the first issues to be addressed then is how you protect your revenue stream.

Steps to Minimize risk for the Sandwich Generation

  1. Have an open and clear discussion about family resources and needs – The older generation needs to have a discussion with their children so that everyone knows what steps have or have not been taken to provide for the senior’s care when they are no longer able to care for themselves. This would also be a good time to initiate or continue any talk about what liquidity needs exist for taxes, long term care, funeral costs and last expenses etc.
  2. Complete a life insurance needs analysis – Where there is not sufficient capital to continue family and dependent’s income at the death of a breadwinner, life insurance can provide the necessary funds required to maintain lifestyle, pay debt, reduce mortgages, fund children’s education and provide money for aging parent’s care. Life insurance is an affordable way to guarantee future security.
  3. Review your disability and critical illness coverage – If there is not sufficient income that will continue to be paid should you become unable to work due to sickness or accident, consider long term disability coverage. Critical illness insurance will provide needed capital in the event of diagnosis of a life-threatening illness or condition. Not only will this provide financial support but will also improve your chances of recovery without the financial stress that often accompanies such a condition.

  4. Investigate Long Term Care Insurance     – Having the appropriate amount of LTC insurance will help to reduce the stress of having to care for a parent when they are no longer able to fully care for themselves. Consider having all the siblings share the cost.
  5. Draft a Living Will or similar Representation Agreement – Making your wishes known to your loved ones in the event you are no longer capable of making medical decisions will go a long way to providing comfort to all concerned when difficult choices need to be made.

As you can see, being part of the Sandwich Generation can be very stressful – emotionally and financially. Having someone to talk to or being part of a support group dealing with this issue, will certainly help manage the emotional challenges.

Let’s connect soon to discuss what strategies you may need to implement to provide the financial security your family needs.

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Preparing Your Heirs for Wealth

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If you think your heirs are not quite old enough or prepared enough to discuss the wealth they will inherit on your death, you’re not alone. Unfortunately, this way of thinking can leave your beneficiaries in a decision-making vacuum: an unnecessary predicament which can be avoided by facing your own mortality and creating a plan.

Avoiding the subject of your own mortality can also be an extremely costly to those you leave behind.

If you have a will in place you are ahead of the game. However, authors of the 2017 Wealth Transfer Report from RBC Wealth Management point out that a will is only a fundamental first step, not a comprehensive plan.

“One generation’s success at building wealth does not ensure the next generation’s ability to manage wealth responsibly, or provide effective stewardship for the future,” they write. “Knowing the value (alone) does little to prepare inheritors for managing the considerable responsibilities of wealth.” Overall, the report’s authors say the number of inheritors who’ve been prepared hovers at just one in three.

Two thirds of the survey’s respondents say their own wealth transfer plans aren’t fully developed – a critical barrier to having this discussion in the first place.

While the report focuses on wealthier beneficiaries in society, the lessons remain true for most: to make the best decisions about your wealth transfer, there needs to be planning and communication with your heirs.

1. Recognize that action today can help you create a better future

First, it’s important to acknowledge that creating an estate plan means contemplating your own death – an inescapable element of the process. It can also involve some awkward conversations, particularly if you’re not in the habit of talking about money with family and loved ones.

Without planning the outcome you leave may not be the one you would choose:

“Despite their efforts, parents don’t always succeed in translating good intentions into effective actions. They tend to resort to the informal, in-house learning methods they received in childhood,” say the RBC report’s authors. “Without intending to, parents repeat the lessons that contributed to the weaknesses of their own financial education. In the end, they are not equipping the next generation with the right skills to build lasting legacies.”

2. Understand the tax implications early.

To many, the taxes due on death will almost certainly come as a shock. In many cases, the single largest tax bill you will pay could be the one that your executor handles for you.

In Canada, leaving your assets to your spouse will defer these taxes until he or she disposes of the property or dies. However, if a spouse is not inheriting your assets and real property, planning for this “deemed disposition” is needed to allow your heirs time to make appropriate decisions about your property and legacy.

You may want to consider strategies that will greatly reduce the impact of the taxes to your estate. These strategies could include the use of joint last to die life insurance.

To illustrate how the growth in value of property can result in taxes payable at death, consider an asset which many Canadians own and enjoy – the family cottage.

Recreational real estate in many cases has “been in the family for years.” It often will have appreciated in value significantly since its purchase. Say you purchased the family cottage for $100,000. If the property is now worth $500,000, half of that gain – $200,000 is added to your income and taxed as such in the year you die. That will result in a tax bill of approximately $100,000.

If your family does not have the liquid funds available to pay this bill, the cottage or some other asset will need to be sold to pay the Canada Revenue Agency. Purchasing life insurance to pay the taxes due at death is one way to bequeath the family cottage to heirs. This will allow your children to continue to enjoy the property without having to raise the money to pay the taxes.

All capital property – except your principal residence and investments held as a Tax-Free Savings Account – is dealt with in a similar manner. If your stocks, real property, and other assets have appreciated in value since you first purchased them, half of that amount will be added to your taxable income in the year you die. If your assets included commercial or rental property against which the Capital Cost Allowance has been claimed, there may also be a recapture of depreciation. Again, deferral is available when assets are left to a spouse but if they are left directly to children or other heirs, the taxes become payable when you die.

As if this is not bad enough, the full value of your RRSPs or your RRIF must also be deregistered and included on your final tax return if the RRSP or RRIF is not left to a surviving spouse.

3. Get help to build your plan, then share it with those who matter.

Estate planning typically isn’t a “do-it-yourself” project. Instead, you’ll probably need to rely on a network of professional advisors who can bring their expertise to different parts of your plan.

Once you have your plan in place, it’s time to ensure that the people who are impacted by it are aware of your wishes.

Members of your professional network can help explain your plan to beneficiaries and help those who inherit your assets to understand your preferences and the decisions you’ve made.

Let’s get together to review or create your wealth transfer plans and discuss how you can get assistance in communicating those plans to the people who matter the most.

As always, please feel free to share this article with anyone you think would find it of value.